All of Us chapter sampler

To Jack and Tom and everyone who reads this book: may you always walk your land and watch the birds, the winds, the tides, the rivers and everything that connects us – JF

To Katie, Sam, Connor and Rhys: enjoy exploring our world – VH

For Georgia, with many thanks to Lily, Koby, Jill and Age Wilson, also Beth Milborn and Ally Lees, who helped with the artwork for the timeline boxes – MW

A HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA

Angus&Robertson An imprint of HarperCollins Children’sBooks , Australia First published in Australia in 2019 by HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Limited

ABN 36 009 913 517 harpercollins.com.au

Text copyright © Jackie French and Virginia Hooker 2019 Illustrations copyright © Mark Wilson 2019

The rights of Jackie French and Virginia Hooker to be identified as the authors of this work, and Mark Wilson as the illustrator of this work, have been asserted by them under the Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 .

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduced, copied, scanned, stored in a retrieval system, recorded, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Jackie French and

Virginia Hooker

HarperCollins Publishers Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia Unit D1, 63 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand A 53, Sector 57, Noida, UP, India 1 London Bridge Street, London SE1 9GF, United Kingdom 2 Bloor Street East, 20th floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 1A8, Canada 195 Broadway, New York NY 10007, USA

Mark Wilson

illustrated by

A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of Australia

ISBN 978 1 4607 5002 5

Cover and internal design by HarperCollins Design Studio Mark created the illustrations by blocking them in with pencil first, then acrylic or ink washes were added. The detail was accomplished in acrylic paint and finished off using Derwent pencils. Colour reproduction by Splitting Image, Clayton, Victoria Printed and bound in China by RR Donnelley on 128gsm Matt Art

5 4 3 2 1 19 20 21 22

Finding the Way 200,000,000–40,000 BCE

T I M E L I N E

200,000,000 BCE Gondwanaland is one huge landmass in the southern hemisphere. 65,000,000 BCE India separates from Gondwanaland, leaving a chain of plate fragments between Asia and Australia. 120,000–100,000 BCE Humans (homo sapiens) walk out of Africa, meeting and sometimes having children with Denisovans and Neanderthals. 65,000 BCE (or earlier) Humans in Australia. 60,000–40,000 BCE First indigenous art in Australia. 50,000 BCE Humans living in caves in the Philippines and Sulawesi. 49,000–43,000 BCE Yams and pandanuses cultivated in Papua New Guinea. 42,000 BCE Humans living in Timor caves. 40,000 BCE Humans living in comfort and plenty at Lake Mungo in Australia.

I N D I A

C H I NA

A F R I C A

SUNDA

WAL LACEA

SAHUL

MUNGO

L E G E N D

Proposed route of anatomically modern humans

Timor-Leste 45,000–5,000 BCE Living in caves near rivers and beaches

We walked towards the sunrise, Where the day sweeps from the waves.

We gathered shellfish, baked fat rats Under rock-ledge caves.

Sun-shimmered islands floated, Where blue sky met blue land.

We built great rafts to reach them, Rock axes in our hands.

We floated, hoping, dreaming, Rode the great tides streaming, Winds behind us screaming, At last, waves curved on sand.

Desperate, thirst- and sun-lashed, We stumbled from the sea.

T I M E L I N E

45,000–18,000 BCE Humans in Timor-Leste, Sabah, Sarawak and the Malay Peninsula. 15,000 BCE Peak of the last ice age; sea levels are 200 metres lower than today. 11,000–10,000 BCE Faces chiselled on rocks in Timor caves. 10,000 BCE Melting ice raises sea levels; islands vanish, peninsulas become islands. 10,000–5,000 BCE The climate stabilises after the last ice age, enabling people to travel together.

We carved a face upon the rock to say, ‘I’m here. I’m me.’

TAIWAN Taiwan

I r r a w a d d y R i v e r R

S a l w e e n R i v e r l

Northern Vietnam

T I M E L I N E

Khorat Plateau au

c.5,300 BCE Austronesian people gradually sail south from Taiwan and coastal southern China in outrigger boats and catamarans. c.4,000 BCE People from southern China use river valleys to travel into mainland Southeast Asia. 2,500 BCE Rice and millet are grown, and soon afterwards poultry are domesticated. 2,000–500 BCE Mainland Southeast Asians make bronze (then iron, copper and tin) axes, spearheads, bells and bowls. c.1,000 BCE Austronesians sail as far west as Africa and as far north as China.

M e k o n g R i v e r

Malay Peninsula Malay

Gulf of Thailand

SABAH

SARAWAK

SULAWESI

JAVA

TIMOR

People on the Move 5,000–500 BCE

East Java 200 BCE Trade and exchange

My brother drums a song for me, How our plank boats ride the sea. The monsoon thunders, rips and spins, Our sails harvest its great winds. We sit and sing with his great drum, Sing, ‘Our trader boats have come.’ Trading pepper, sweet woods, spice, To blue-eyed northern lands of ice. Sing of swamplands ploughed for rice, His drum is bronze, its voice is deep, We own green shadows where tigers sleep.

T I M E L I N E

600 BCE to 200 CE People in the Dong Son region, northern Vietnam, make large ceremonial bronze drums to be traded across Southeast Asia. 500s BCE In northern India, Gautama Buddha teaches Buddhism. 551–479 BCE In China, K’ung Fu-Tzu (Confucius) teaches moral and social philosophy. c.6 BCE to 29 CE In Palestine, Jesus teaches a variant of Judaism that becomes Christianity. 190 CE Champa (central Vietnam) settled by Austronesian people called the Chams. 200s CE China’s overland Silk Road declines, boosting sea trade across Southeast Asia. 500–1,000 CE International trade through Southeast Asia sees the exchange of Roman coins, Indian J . ewels, and Chinese silks and brocades for bronze and iron goods, pearls, ivory, tortoise shells, fragrant woods and bird feathers.

Once we wandered on the sand, Now we carve the sea and land.